The nRF24L01 module (commonly called nRF module) is a 2.4 GHz wireless transceiver used for short-range communication between microcontrollers like Arduino, ESP32, Raspberry Pi, and STM32. It is low-power, inexpensive, and supports high-speed wireless data transfer, making it popular in IoT, robotics, and wireless sensor networks. 🔹 Details and Explanation 1. Main Features Type: 2.4 GHz wireless transceiver module Communication Range: Standard module → up to 100 meters (line of sight) PA+LNA (with antenna) → up to 1 km (line of sight) Operating Voltage: 1.9V – 3.6V (typically 3.3V) Logic Level: 3.3V (⚠ needs level shifter if used with 5V MCUs like Arduino Uno) Data Rate: 250 kbps, 1 Mbps, 2 Mbps Communication Protocol: SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) Power Consumption: Very low (suitable for battery-powered devices) 2. Pin Configuration (nRF24L01 8-pin version) GND → Ground VCC → 3.3V supply (⚠ Do not use 5V directly) CE (Chip Enable) → Activates data transmission/reception CSN (Chip Select Not) → Enables SPI communication SCK (Serial Clock) → SPI clock input MOSI (Master Out Slave In) → SPI data input MISO (Master In Slave Out) → SPI data output IRQ (Interrupt Request) → Optional, signals data received/transmission complete 3. Working Principle The nRF24L01 works as a transceiver (can transmit and receive). It communicates with a microcontroller via SPI. Data packets are transmitted wirelessly over the 2.4 GHz ISM band. It supports multiple communication modes: Point-to-point (one transmitter, one receiver) One-to-many (one transmitter, multiple receivers) Mesh networking (with coding support) 4. Types of nRF24L01 Modules nRF24L01 (basic) → Small PCB antenna, ~100m range nRF24L01+ PA+LNA → External antenna, long range up to 1 km 5. Applications Wireless sensor networks IoT devices (smart home, automation) Remote controls (robots, drones, cars) Wireless data logging Walkie-talkie type communication (Arduino-to-Arduino chat) 6. Advantages Cheap and widely available Low power consumption Long range with PA+LNA version Multiple device communication supported