The Mini Submersible DC Water Pump (3–5V DC) is a compact, low-voltage pump commonly used in hobby projects, small fountains, aquariums, and DIY electronics. 🔹 Specifications: Operating Voltage: 3V – 5V DC Current Consumption: ~100–300 mA (varies with voltage/load) Flow Rate: Around 80–120 liters per hour (L/h), depending on model and voltage Lift (Head): ~40–110 cm (height the pump can push water) Submersible: Fully waterproof and designed to operate while immersed in water Inlet/Outlet Nozzle: Fits small pipes/tubes (commonly 5–6 mm inner diameter) Material: Plastic body, lightweight, portable 🔹 Working Principle: Works on a DC motor mechanism that drives an impeller. When powered by a DC supply, the impeller spins, creating suction at the inlet and pushing water out through the outlet. The higher the voltage (within 3–5V), the faster the motor spins → more flow rate and lift. 🔹 Applications: Mini fountains and water displays Aquarium water circulation Cooling systems for small devices (like DIY projects) Hydroponics and small plant watering systems Student and robotics projects (Arduino/Raspberry Pi water systems) 🔹 Important Notes: Must always be operated in water (running it dry can damage the motor). Works best on stable DC supply (battery pack, USB power, or regulated adapter). Polarity matters: reverse connection may damage or prevent operation.