A 12V DC Water Pump is a stronger and more versatile version compared to the mini 3–5V type. It’s widely used in DIY projects, small appliances, and even industrial or automotive systems. 🔹 General Specifications: Operating Voltage: 12V DC Current Draw: 0.5–2A (depending on size and model) Power: 6W – 24W typical (varies) Flow Rate: 1–10 liters per minute (L/min), depending on pump type Lift (Head): 1–5 meters (some high-pressure pumps go higher) Pump Type: Can be submersible (works inside water) or non-submersible (inline type) Material: Usually ABS plastic body or sometimes metal casing 🔹 Working Principle: Runs on a 12V DC motor connected to an impeller or diaphragm. When powered, it creates suction at the inlet and pushes water out of the outlet. Voltage directly affects performance: stable 12V supply = maximum flow. 🔹 Types of 12V Pumps: Submersible 12V Pump – works inside water tanks/fountains. Inline 12V Pump – installed outside the water source, often used in cars and RO systems. Diaphragm 12V Pump – self-priming, can handle higher pressure, common in sprayers and RO filters. 🔹 Applications: Car windshield washer systems Small fountains and aquariums Water-cooled electronics (PC cooling, laser cooling) Gardening and hydroponics RO water purifiers and small-scale irrigation DIY projects with Arduino or battery packs 🔹 Safety & Usage Tips: Always check maximum current rating before powering. Use a fuse or driver circuit for protection. Don’t run the pump dry (without water). For automation, control with relay module, MOSFET, or motor driver.