The 9cm × 15cm Double-Sided FR4 Fiberglass Dotted Veroboard is a prototyping board used for building and testing electronic circuits without designing a custom PCB. It provides a durable base for soldering components and making permanent circuits. 🔹 Key Features: Size: 9 cm × 15 cm Material: FR4 fiberglass (stronger and more heat-resistant than phenolic boards) Type: Double-sided (copper pads on both sides) Pattern: Dotted (islands) – individual copper pads instead of strips (better for flexible wiring). Hole Diameter: ~1 mm (fits standard through-hole components) Hole Pitch: 2.54 mm (0.1 inch standard spacing, same as breadboard & ICs). Durability: Resistant to heat, bending, and wear. 🔹 Advantages: Double-sided copper allows compact layouts and interconnections. FR4 material provides strength and heat resistance during soldering. Dotted layout gives flexibility (you can make any custom connections using wires or solder bridges). Reusable for multiple small circuit designs. 🔹 Applications: Building Arduino/ESP32-based circuits permanently. Prototyping sensor, power supply, and IoT modules. Making robotics and automation circuits. Educational use for soldering practice and project work.